Global Academic Frontiers publishes forward-looking articles from different fields. The goal is to showcase the latest research, insights, and perspectives on global academic topics. Each issue contains thought-provoking articles published by scholars from different fields, covering the latest research achievements in science, technology, culture, society, and other fields. Publishing Schedule: Issues published in March, June, September, December.
Editorial Office of Global Academic Frontiers
Optimizing Employee Motivation Mechanisms in Modern Enterprises: A Theoretical and Practical Analysis
Employee motivation mechanisms have become increasingly crucial for maintaining competitiveness in modern enterprises. Drawing on classical motivation theories and organizational behavior research, this study analyzes the conceptual foundations, key influencing factors, and common problems in current motivation practices. The findings reveal that many enterprises still face issues such as insufficient fairness and transparency, overreliance on homogeneous incentives, weak implementation, and a lack of alignment with employees’ dynamic and diverse needs. In response, this study proposes a set of targeted optimization strategies, including establishing transparent performance evaluation systems, adopting diversified and personalized incentive tools, strengthening execution and supervision, and building adaptive motivation frameworks. These recommendations aim to improve employee engagement, enhance organizational effectiveness, and provide practical guidance for enterprises seeking to refine their motivation practices in rapidly changing environments.
Copyright (c) 2025 Li Jiali (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Research on the Hydrophilic Modification Mechanism and Application of Polypropylene Fibers Based on Silane Coupling Agents and Acrylic Resin Composite Systems
Polypropylene (PP) fiber plays a significant role in civil engineering, textile engineering, and filtration/separation due to its excellent mechanical properties, chemical resistance, and low cost. However, its molecular chain, composed entirely of carbon and hydrogen, lacks polar functional groups, resulting in very low surface energy and poor hydrophilicity. This inherent defect severely limits its application effectiveness in scenarios requiring good interfacial adhesion or hydrophilic/moisture-absorbing properties. For instance, in concrete, the weak interfacial bond between the fiber and the cement matrix leads to low stress transfer efficiency; in textiles, its poor moisture-wicking property significantly affects wearing comfort. This study aims to develop and systematically investigate a composite crosslinking agent, with silane coupling agent and waterborne acrylic resin as core components, for efficient and durable hydrophilic surface modification of PP fibers. The paper begins with an in-depth literature review, analyzing the surface characteristics and modification needs of PP fibers, and systematically summarizing the principles and limitations of existing hydrophilic modification techniques. Based on this, an innovative synergistic modification mechanism of "Silane Coupling Agent Bridging - Acrylic Resin Film Formation" is proposed: The hydrolyzed silanol groups of the silane coupling agent (e.g., KH-550) anchor onto the PP fiber surface, while the organic functional group (e.g., amino group) at the other end reacts chemically with the carboxyl groups on the molecular chains of the waterborne acrylic resin. Subsequently, through the resin's own crosslinking and curing, a robust, continuous, and hydrophilic group-rich three-dimensional network coating is constructed on the fiber surface. Based on this mechanism, this paper designs a complete and feasible experimental research plan. The scheme details the entire process from the preparation of the composite crosslinking agent, the pre-treatment of PP fibers and the dip-dry modification process, to systematic characterization and performance evaluation. Characterization methods include Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) for analyzing changes in surface chemical structure, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) for observing surface morphology evolution, contact angle measurement and water absorption tests for quantifying the improvement in hydrophilic performance, and cement mortar flexural strength tests to verify the practical enhancement effect of the modified fibers in composite materials. Through in-depth discussion and analysis of the anticipated results, this study theoretically demonstrates the feasibility and effectiveness of this composite crosslinking agent system. The expected results indicate that polar functional groups will be successfully introduced, and a dense coating will be formed on the surface of the modified PP fibers. The water contact angle can be significantly reduced to the hydrophilic range, and the water absorption rate will be greatly improved. Furthermore, the interfacial bonding with the cement matrix will be fundamentally improved, thereby significantly enhancing the flexural strength of cement mortar. This research not only provides a novel, environmentally friendly, and highly promising technical pathway for the hydrophilic modification of PP fibers but also offers theoretical reference for deeply understanding the construction mechanism of organic-inorganic hybrid coatings on fiber surfaces, holding significant theoretical and practical importance for promoting the development and application of high-performance PP fiber composites.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jiawei Jiang, Guoxi Lv, Yue Zhu, Hongbin Xiong (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Challenges and Coping Strategies for Foreign Trade Enterprises in Yinzhou District in the Trump 2.0 Era
The “Trump 2.0” policy, involving tariff adjustments, reforms to trade preference systems, and measures to enhance supply chain security, introduces changes in the global trade environment. As a leading region in Ningbo’s foreign trade, Yinzhou District faces a new external environment and structural adjustments under these evolving trade policies. Factors such as tariff modifications, updated compliance requirements, and shifting market structures influence the operations of the district’s foreign trade enterprises, particularly in areas of cost management, risk control, and market deployment. Based on the development of Yinzhou’s foreign trade, this paper examines the key components of the policy, identifies the challenges faced by enterprises, and provides strategic recommendations for addressing them.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jiayi Luo, Kaili Sun, Yuan Gao (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Strategic Planning Research on the Development of Local Characteristic Agricultural Product Industrial Clusters——A Case Study of Longyou Bamboo Industry Based on Neo-endogenous Development Theory
As the rural revitalization strategy advances further and the process of agricultural modernization accelerates, developing industrial clusters for local characteristic agricultural products has become a key avenue to boost high-quality regional economic development and increase farmers’ incomes. Known as the "Hometown of Bamboo in China," Longyou County has a bamboo forest area of around 410,000 mu (approximately 27,333 hectares), a standing bamboo stock of more than 70 million culms, and an annual output value of its bamboo industry exceeding 4 billion yuan (RMB)—making it one of the most distinctive industries for improving local people’s livelihoods in the county. However, the industry faces challenges such as extensive resource use, inadequate industrial chain extension, insignificant brand value, and weak interest links with communities, rendering the traditional exogenous-driven model no longer viable. Following the principles of the Neo-endogenous Development Theory and from its perspective, we conducted a thorough review of the strengths and challenges faced by the Longyou Bamboo Industry Cluster (a cluster of bamboo-related businesses in Longyou). Based on this review, we put forward directions for better development, such as: supporting the growth of local stakeholders, promoting the integration of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries, establishing a network for innovation and exchange, implementing a dual strategy of brand building and green development, and improving ways of internal collaboration and external cooperation. This study aims to provide both theoretical guidance and practical support for the Longyou Bamboo Industry, as well as similar characteristic industries in other regions.
Local Characteristic Agricultural Products
Copyright (c) 2025 Qi Fu, Ruiqianyu Hu, Hongbin Xiong (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Research on the Impact of Smart City Construction on New Quality Productivity - A Quasi-Natural Experiment Based on the "Smart City" Strategic Pilot
Based on the panel data of 287 prefecture-level cities from 2011 to 2022, this article takes "smart city construction" as a quasi-natural experiment and uses the difference-in-differences model to analyze the impact of smart city construction on new quality productivity. Benchmark analysis indicates that the construction of smart cities has a significant positive impact on new quality productivity. Mechanism analysis indicates that both the level of human capital and the level of science and technology play a mediating role in the impact of smart city construction on new quality productivity. In the heterogeneity test, in terms of urban location heterogeneity, the construction of smart cities in the eastern and western regions has a significant promoting effect on new quality productivity. The significance in the western region is greater than that in the eastern region, while it is not significant in the central region. In the heterogeneity of urban scale, the influence coefficient of large cities is negative and not significant. In medium and small-sized cities, the construction of smart cities has a promoting effect on new quality productivity. The threshold effect indicates that there is a threshold effect in the upgrading of industrial structure. The stronger the level of industrial structure upgrading, the stronger the promoting effect of smart city construction on new quality productive forces. Therefore, it is proposed to promote the construction of new infrastructure related to smart cities, take human capital and scientific and technological levels as important means to enhance the quality of productivity, promote the regional coordinated construction of smart cities, and provide differentiated policy support to regions and industries at different stages of industrial structure upgrading.
Human capital level Upgrading of industrial structure
Copyright (c) 2025 Zhu Shenghu, Chen Tian (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Applying American Thanksgiving Culture in Senior Secondary English Reading-into-Writing Instruction
Anchored in the core competency orientation of the General Senior High School English Curriculum Standards (2017, revised 2020), this paper argues that cultural integration is central to effective reading-into-writing instruction at the senior secondary level. It first diagnoses persistent classroom challenges—disjunction between reading and writing, weak learner foundations coupled with single-track pedagogy, and insufficient cultural infusion—before proposing American Thanksgiving culture as a productive context because of its salient values of gratitude, reunion and service. Building on this premise, the study delineates a practical pathway comprising four mutually reinforcing components: embedding cultural background to create authentic reading contexts; mining the gratitude theme to guide continuation planning; enriching language input to ensure culturally appropriate and idiomatic expression; and emphasising process guidance with diversified assessment aligned to thematic conception, plot coherence, cultural integration, language control and stylistic effect. The approach aims to synchronise language ability and cultural awareness, enhance learners’ engagement, and support coherent, audience-aware narrative continuations. A concise research agenda is outlined to strengthen causal inference, refine assessment instruments, test cultural scope and sequencing, and ensure equitable, scalable implementation. The paper contributes a culturally grounded instructional framework and concrete classroom procedures that can inform English writing pedagogy in senior secondary schools, while signposting future empirical work on durability, transfer and differential impact across learner groups.
senior secondary English writing instruction
Copyright (c) 2025 Zhifou Yan, Min Liu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Artificial Intelligence-Driven Smart Homecare: A Review of Applications, Challenges, and Prospects
With the accelerating global trend of population aging, traditional elderly care models are increasingly strained by limited service resources and growing quality demands. As a sustainable and cost-effective alternative, home-based elderly care has garnered widespread attention. However, older adults living at home often face critical challenges, including discontinuous health monitoring and insufficient emotional support. The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies offers new pathways for developing intelligent elderly care solutions. This review systematically examines the major applications of AI in home-based care, focusing on two key domains: intelligent health monitoring and management and smart home environment systems. By analyzing representative research findings and practical implementations both domestically and internationally, this paper identifies core challenges across technical, user-centric, systemic, and ethical dimensions. Furthermore, it outlines future research directions, including personalized modeling, edge intelligence, empathetic human-AI interaction, multimodal data integration, and privacy-preserving strategies. This review aims to provide a theoretical foundation and a comprehensive framework to guide future research and practical advancements in AI-powered smart elderly care.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yifan Gao, Xinyue Huang, Haoze Ni, Yixuan Dong, Chengwei Feng (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Mediation Strategies in L2 Learning from Sociocultural Perspective: A Comparative Analysis of Empirical Studies
This paper evaluates the role of mediation strategies in second language learning (L2 learning), through analyzing two empirical studies about L2 learning. Both studies align with Sociocultural Theory’s core tenet that L2 development originates from socially mediated interactions. The comparative analysis reveals three key commonalities in mediation strategies: mediation serves as a critical bridge transforming external social interactions; effective mediation adheres to the “Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD)-aligned” principle, with strategies tailored to learners’ current L2 proficiency; mediation is a multi-agent system involving teachers, peers, tools, and learners themselves, rather than a teacher-centric process. Nonetheless, the two studies diverge in core goals, mediator roles, strategy implementation, adaptation to learners,and learner’s responses to linguistic contexts due to distinct sociolinguistic contexts and learner characteristics. According to the comparative analysis, three highly feasible mediation strategies for L2 learners are distilled: engaging in multi-agent interactive mediation, adopting ZPD-aligned context mediation, and practicing self-mediation for regulation. This study not only deepens the understanding of the mediating mechanism in L2 learning from the SCT perspective but also provides empirical references for designing adaptive mediation strategies in L2 teaching, improving teaching efficiency, as well as enhancing learner’s language proficiency.
Copyright (c) 2025 Siyu Deng (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Cultural Cognitive Linguistic Study of Male Garment Description in The Scholars (Chapter1-30)
Since the mentioning of cultural cognitive linguistics, there is a shift of cognitive linguistics. However, previous studies have primarily focused on simple feature analysis of the Scholars, failing to either uncover the internal dynamic mechanism of how Wu trying to unveil satire topic through males’ garment. To address this gap, this study adopts Wen Xu’s partial concepts about cultural cognitive linguistics by establishing effective framework to find how Wu construct social identity, shape character’s fate, and reflect the rigid Confucian social hierarchy of mid-18th century China. The study intends to address the following three questions: (1) What cultural metaphors, metonymies, framings are embedded in the male garment descriptions in the first thirty chapters of The Scholars, and how do they project the hidden social hierarchies and ideologies of the Ming and Qing dynasties? (2) How does the framework collectively and dynamically contribute to our understanding of the interplay between language, culture, and cognition? (3) What is the cognitive function of male garment descriptions in the first thirty chapters of The Scholars in terms of activating cultural frames and reflecting the socio-cultural context of Wu’s time? Using AntConc for content collection and extraction, the study analyzes the first 30 chapters of this classic book. The findings reveal that cultural metaphorization, cultural metononymization, and cultural framing are effective in analyzing Chinese tradition classics. Interestingly, this paper also finds the internal operation logic among them. Cultural framing, no matter matched or mismatched one, can trigger or map the happenings of cultural metaphorization or cultural metononymization, or both, which is dependent on the specific context and garment descriptions. It also provides practical insights for future classic study.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zhiting He (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Research on the application of data enhancement and image restoration based on Generative Adversarial Network (GAN)
Generative adversarial network GAN can generate high-quality synthetic data through the adversarial training of generator and discriminator, so as to provide diversified training samples in data enhancement and image restoration, and improve the generalization ability of the model, which makes it have excellent performance in dealing with various tasks and can output high-quality data and pictures. Starting from the basic principles and main variants of GAN, this paper analyzes in detail the application cases, effect evaluation and challenges of GAN in data enhancement and image restoration, and looks forward to the future development direction of GAN.
Copyright (c) 2025 Wen Xin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Application of Laser Forming Technology in Additive Manufacturing and Its Quality Monitoring
This paper conducts an in-depth investigation into the field of Selective Laser Melting (SLM) within additive manufacturing (AM) technology, providing a detailed analysis of its market background, current status, and development prospects. As a revolutionary pioneer in future manufacturing, AM technology has rapidly emerged in recent years and found widespread application in high-end manufacturing sectors such as scientific research, healthcare, military industry, aerospace, and aviation. SLM technology, as a critical branch of AM, has become a focal point in numerous fields due to its advantages of high precision, high efficiency, and material diversity. This paper first outlines the industry background of AM technology, including its development history, primary methods, and technical characteristics. Subsequently, by comparatively analyzing the key technical parameters of major domestic and international SLM printing equipment brands, the current market status of SLM technology is revealed. In the competitor analysis, the paper focuses on the latest advancements in melt pool temperature monitoring technology and powder spreading detection technology. It points out the limitations of traditional temperature measurement techniques in aspects such as single-point measurement, accuracy, and response speed. The innovative approaches adopted in this project—namely, photoelectric sensor-fused thermal imaging processing technology and artificial intelligence (AI)-based machine vision inspection methods—are introduced. Furthermore, the paper explores future development trends for SLM technology, including product line expansion, service upgrades, and the positive impact of policy support and industry development. Through the research conducted in this project, we deeply appreciate the critical importance of technological innovation for enhancing the forming success rate of SLM technology and reducing material and energy costs.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yuhang Yao, Yicheng Shi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
From Competency Assessment to Curriculum Reform: How Does Artificial Intelligence Empower Higher Vocational Education?
This study explores the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on vocational education, focusing on its role in competency assessment and curriculum reform. With the rapid evolution of technology, AI is poised to revolutionize how vocational training is delivered and assessed. By utilizing a quantitative research approach, a survey was conducted with 100 vocational students currently engaged in AI-integrated training. The findings reveal that while AI-based training provides personalized learning experiences, its direct impact on competency assessment was less significant than expected. In contrast, student engagement emerged as a critical factor influencing the effectiveness of AI in enhancing learning outcomes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Haoheng Tian, Xin Zeng, Lijia Huang, Linjia Song (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Discussion on problems caused by uneven deployment of 5G network edge computing nodes
This study focuses on the issue of uneven deployment of edge computing nodes in 5G networks. A multi-regional simulation model was constructed, and four key performance indicators were evaluated: average end-to-end latency, node load balance, request success rate, and resource utilization. Various optimization techniques, including automated scheduling and network slicing, were employed to control the simulation. The simulation results show that the average latency decreased from 54.8ms to 35.9ms, the load balance increased to 0.72, the request success rate rose to 91.7%, and the resource utilization improved to 74.6%. The study demonstrates that deploying optimized control strategies can significantly alleviate the performance bottleneck caused by uneven node distribution, thereby enhancing the overall service capability and resource utilization of the edge computing system.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jinghua Cui, Jiulong Zhang, Linluo Yao (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
A Study of the Impact of ESG on Corporate Carbon Performance -- Based on the mediating effect of New quality productivity
To investigate whether corporate ESG can improve corporate carbon performance and facilitate the achievement of China's "dual-carbon" objective, we utilize panel data from China's A-share-listed companies spanning 2015 to 2022. We develop new quality productivity indicators through principal component analysis and empirically assess the impact and mechanisms of ESG on corporate carbon performance using bidirectional fixed-effects, mediated-effects, and moderated-effects models. The influence and mechanism of ESG on corporate carbon performance are experimentally analyzed utilizing a two-way fixed effects model, a mediation effects model, and a moderating effects model. Research indicates that (i) strong ESG performance can markedly enhance corporate carbon performance; this conclusion remains valid following various robustness and endogeneity assessments, including substituting core explanatory variables, lagging explanatory variables by one period, and augmenting the standard error of clustering at the city level. (ii) Mechanism analysis indicates that ESG performance enhances the carbon performance of firms both directly and indirectly by fostering advancements in new quality productivity. (iii) The examination of moderating effects indicates that company financialization enhances the favorable influence of ESG on corporate carbon performance. Heterogeneity study indicates that ESG exerts a more pronounced influence in the eastern area, among non-state-owned firms, and within non-heavily polluting enterprises. Consequently, to advance the low-carbon transformation of the economy, it is essential to stratify the policy design. Incentives for ESG can be enhanced for non-state-owned enterprises, manufacturing sectors, and the eastern region, while technology subsidies or differentiated assessment criteria are required for state-owned enterprises, heavily polluting industries, and the central and western regions to address the structural disparities in ESG practices and to encourage non-manufacturing industries to pursue synergistic avenues of digital transformation and ESG integration.
Copyright (c) 2025 Ying Wu, Yu Liao, Dai-Yun Li (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
E-commerce Empowering the Digital Transformation of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Driven by New Quality Productivity
This article explores the impact of e-commerce on the digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises driven by new quality productivity. It is analyzed that the digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises is confronted with predicaments such as technological application gaps, inefficient allocation of production factors, and weak industrial collaboration. Elaborate on the paths by which e-commerce helps small and medium-sized enterprises break through the predicament of transformation through mechanisms such as technological innovation, factor reorganization and industrial upgrading. Through case analysis, the practical promoting effects of e-commerce on enhancing the technological application capabilities of small and medium-sized enterprises, optimizing the allocation of production factors, and strengthening the level of industrial collaboration are demonstrated. Put forward policy suggestions such as strengthening technological infrastructure, promoting the marketization of factors, and building industrial communities to remove obstacles for the digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises and facilitate their high-quality development.
Copyright (c) 2025 Shiying Du, Linrong Wu, Yiming Pan, Huifang Hu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Can the financial background of executives affect the digital transformation of enterprises?
The financial background of executives can provide financial consulting for enterprises and enhance effective interaction between enterprises and the financial industry, but the academic community has not yet clarified the impact of executive financial background on the digital transformation of enterprises. This article combines the macro pursuit of high-quality national development and examines the relationship between executive financial background and digital transformation of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2012 to 2022. Research has found that: The financial background of executives has a significant positive correlation with the digital transformation of enterprises. After key variable replacement, the above research results remain robust. This article reveals the impact and pathways of executive finance background on green investors under the background of high-quality economic development, enriches the research on executive characteristics and corporate financing constraints, and provides theoretical support and practical inspiration for executive recruitment decisions and structural design in enterprises.
Copyright (c) 2025 Chenghui Li (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Liminal Transformation in the Rites of Passage: Identity Fluidity in Mohsin Hamid’s The Reluctant Fundamentalist
In the novel The Reluctant Fundamentalist, Mohsin Hamid, the 2017 Booker Prize winner, employs a transnational narrative to explore the fluidity of liminal identity. The protagonist, Changez, embarks on a journey from Lahore to Princeton for education, then works at a top global investment bank, and ultimately returns to his homeland in search of self-redefinition. This multi-layered experience mirrors the three stages of the rites of passage proposed by Arnold van Gennep: separation, liminality, and reintegration. Confronted with fragmented memories of domestic space, disciplinary violence in urban environments, and identity struggles within psychological realms, Changez navigates his growth crisis through ritualistic practices that ultimately resolve transitional identity conflicts and reconstruct a cohesive identity. Hamid metaphorically reflects evolving East-West relations through the subtly shifting dynamics between Changez and an American traveler in the Lahore teahouse. The novel not only reveals the marginality and heterogeneity of transnational identities but also interrogates the construction and negotiation of liminal identities within multicultural intersections.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zhao Bin (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Analysis of Differentiated Marketing Strategies
This article systematically expounds the basic theory of marketing strategy and deeply analyzes the connotation and implementation points of differentiated marketing strategy. In the context of increasingly fierce market competition, enterprises need to accurately position customer needs and develop personalized market strategies in order to gain unique competitive advantages. This study verified the application effect and profit potential of differentiated marketing strategies in different industries through multiple business case analyses, revealing their significant effectiveness in enhancing brand value and user loyalty. This article has important reference value for academic research and practical operation in understanding and promoting differentiated marketing strategies.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jiayue Gao, Ruiqianyu Hu, Hongbin Xiong (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Research on the green extraction process and high-value application of amino acids based on synthetic biology in tea dry cakes
As the main by-product of tea seed oil extraction, tea dry cake is rich in amino acid resources, but its complex cellulose-lignin structure limits the efficient release of amino acids. In this study, an engineered strain of Corynebacterium glutamicum was constructed based on synthetic biology techniques Combined with the high-efficiency amino acid circulation extraction device (patent number: CN202310001234), the efficient extraction of free amino acids is realized. CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing enhanced the expression of cellulase (cel7A) and lignin peroxidase (lipH8), and the enzyme activity was increased to 125 U/mL and 98 U/mL, respectively. Combined with dynamic nozzle positioning (accuracy ±1 mm), multi-stage filtration (0.45μm filter element) and fin heat dissipation system (temperature control ≤35°C), the total extraction rate of amino acids reached 85.7%, and the purity was 95.3%, which was 52% more efficient than the traditional extraction method. The cleaning rate of the extracted amino acid compound detergent is 85% at 25°C, which is 23% higher than that of traditional APG. This study provides a green and efficient industrialization solution for the recycling of tea dry cakes.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jiang Gaojin, Peng Ying, Hongbin Xiong (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Hydrological controls on nutrient dynamics and load estimation in an agricultural watershed: a case study in Rock Creek, Ohio
This study investigates the spatiotemporal variability of nutrient concentrations (soluble reactive phosphorus, SRP; total phosphorus, TP; and nitrate, NO₃⁻) and their relationships with hydrological conditions in the Rock Creek watershed, a representative agricultural basin in northwestern Ohio. High-temporal-resolution water quality and discharge data were analyzed over a two-year period (2010–2011) to elucidate seasonal trends, flow-nutrient correlations, and to compare nutrient load estimation methods. The results demonstrate that nutrient transport in the watershed is strongly event-driven, with SRP and TP concentrations peaking during high-flow periods (spring snowmelt and summer/fall storms), exhibiting significant positive correlations with discharge (log-transformed R² = 0.27–0.47). In contrast, nitrate concentrations displayed a distinct seasonal pattern, with a spring flush followed by declining concentrations, suggesting depletion of legacy storage. Notably, flow-weighted mean concentrations (FWMC) exceeded arithmetic means by 2–3 times, revealing that conventional averaging methods underestimate nutrient loads during high-flow events. These findings emphasize the dominance of non-point source pollution during episodic runoff events and underscore the need for targeted management strategies to mitigate nutrient pollution in similar agricultural watersheds.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yiwen Xiong, Zeyi Cao, Peng Liu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Research on the challenges and countermeasures of applying artificial intelligence in green supply chain management
The global proliferation of sustainable development principles has elevated Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) to a critical position within corporate environmental governance and strategic management frameworks. Concurrently, the accelerated advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has emerged as a transformative catalyst for supply chain digitalization. The integration of AI in GSCM demonstrates significant potential for enhancing environmental performance, optimizing resource utilization efficiency, and facilitating carbon neutrality objectives. Nevertheless, this technological convergence presents substantial implementation challenges across multiple dimensions. This study conducts a comprehensive examination of the principal barriers hindering AI adoption in GSCM through data, technology, organization, and ethics, while proposing targeted mitigation strategies and optimization approaches. The research outcomes aim to contribute both theoretical foundations and practical implementation guidelines for enterprises pursuing sustainable transformation and intelligent supply chain modernization.
Copyright (c) 2025 Xiangfei Ji (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Research on export competitiveness of new energy vehicles in Yangtze River Delta region
As the energy crisis and automobile industry develop, the global automobile industry competition has shifted from individual product competition to comprehensive strength competition among industrial clusters. In recent years, China’s new energy automobile industry has developed rapidly, with the trend of automobile industry cluster becoming more evident. The Yangtze River Delta region, with its strong vehicle and parts manufacturing base, has become a typical representative of China’s new energy vehicle export industry. Research on the export competitiveness of new energy vehicles in the Yangtze River Delta can reflect the overall development of China’s new energy automobile industry to a certain extent. It also has important theoretical significance and practical value for enhancing the competitiveness of the new energy automobile industry in the Yangtze River Delta and even the whole country.
Copyright (c) 2025 Xiaozhan Yang (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
From Shallow Cooperation to Deep Synergy: Triple Breakthroughs in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area's Higher Education Cluster Development
As an important carrier of national strategic development, the key task of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area construction is to build a scientific and technological innovation hub with international influence. Under this framework, promoting the coordinated evolution of higher education clusters has become a strategic supporting factor for regional development. The cultivation of international higher education clusters not only provides high-end intellectual resources and compound talent reserves for the construction of Greater Bay Area's science and technology innovation hub, but also creates a historic opportunity for universities in the region to break down barriers and deepen collaborative innovation mechanisms. By strengthening the strategic consensus of higher education cluster development, optimizing resource allocation and spatial layout, systematically exploring the coordinated development path of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area's higher education clusters, and then building an international higher education network system with distinct levels, gradient connection and close interaction, it will become an important engine driving the high-quality development of the world-class bay area.
Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area
Copyright (c) 2025 Nie Hui (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Understanding Wage Disparities Through Educational Attainment
This paper investigates the causal effect of education on wages using data from the 2018 American Community Survey (ACS) accessed through IPUMS. Our paper tests the causal effect of educational attainment on wages using individual-level data by using quarter of birth as an instrumental variable for education. We hypothesize that higher education leads to significantly higher wages. Based on our IV regression model, we find that each additional year of education is associated with approximately a 20.8% increase in log wages. These results support the importance of education in explaining wage differences, although other factors such as gender also play a notable role.
Copyright (c) 2025 Jiayi Zhang, Xiaoran Han (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Current Situation and Future of Tea Culture and Regional Tourism Development under the Background of "Internet +"——A case study of Yueyang City, Hunan Province
Tea culture is an important part of China's excellent traditional culture. In the context of "Internet +", how to develop and inherit traditional tea culture is a problem we need to consider at present. With the rapid development of China's economy, the quality of people"s life continues to rise, and the demand for culture is constantly changing, forming a new consumption concept. At the same time, the "Internet +" culture relying on the Internet, using big data as a means, and characterized by mobility and networking has rapidly emerged and quickly penetrated into all walks of life. The tourism industry took advantage of this shareholder wind and came across the traditional tea industry which was facing an inheritance crisis, then a new idea of combining the tea industry and regional tourism was born. Tea Culture and Regional Tourism is a cultural form, based on tea as the carrier, combined with tourism, leisure, health. The integrated development of Tea Culture and Regional Tourism is a new industrial form born under the background of rapid growth of tourism, which plays a significant role in promoting national economic development, social progress and cultural prosperity. It is an important way not only for industrial optimization and upgrading, but also for regional cultural innovation and development. Taking Yueyang City, Hunan Province as an example, this paper studies current situation and prospects of Tea Culture and Regional Tourism in Yueyang City, through questionnaire survey, literature research, SWOT analysis. It aims to put forward suggestions to solve the problems in the integrated development of Yueyang"s Tea Culture and Regional Tourism, selection of tea product marketing strategy and industrial development planning, so as to provide reference for promoting the healthy and rapid development of China's Tea Culture and Regional Tourism.
Copyright (c) 2025 ZHANG Yu (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
AI-Powered Precision Medicine: Transforming Healthcare through Intelligent Imaging and Surgical Ecosystem Innovation
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into precision medicine has revolutionized healthcare by enhancing diagnostic accuracy, optimizing treatment strategies, and improving surgical outcomes. This paper explores the transformative potential of AI in precision medicine, with a focus on intelligent imaging analysis and surgical ecosystem innovation. AI-driven techniques, such as machine learning and deep learning, have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in analyzing medical images, enabling early and accurate disease detection, particularly in cancer and cardiovascular conditions. Additionally, AI has significantly advanced surgical precision through robotic-assisted procedures and augmented reality, reducing complications and improving patient recovery. The paper also highlights the integration of diverse data sources, including genomics and wearable sensors, to provide comprehensive patient insights. Despite these advancements, challenges such as ethical considerations, data privacy, and algorithmic bias remain critical barriers to widespread adoption. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary collaboration, robust validation, and regulatory oversight to fully realize the potential of AI in precision medicine. By addressing these challenges, AI-powered precision medicine holds immense promise for delivering personalized, efficient, and equitable healthcare solutions.
Copyright (c) 2025 Chunlei Wang, Jie Cao, Manzhi Xia, Jianying Kang, Jinlian Liang (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Lithium battery charge state estimation based on improved Unscented Kalman filtering
The state of charge (SOC) of lithium batteries is one of the key parameters to ensure their safe operation. In response to the traditional untraceable Kalman filtering (UKF) algorithm in the process of estimating the state of charge (SOC), the covariance matrix is non-positively determined, which leads to the termination of the algorithm. In this paper, an improved trace-free Kalman filtering method with singular value decomposition Unscented Kalman filtering (SVD-UKF) is proposed to estimate the SOC. singular value decomposition is used instead of Cholesky decomposition to improve the accuracy and stability of SOC estimation. First, a second-order RC equivalent circuit model is established, a lithium battery experimental platform is built to obtain charge/discharge data, and the parameters of the second-order RC model are identified by combining the hybrid pulse charge/discharge test and the 1stopt software, and then the battery SOC estimation is carried out by using the improved untraceable Kalman filtering algorithm, and the SVD-UKF estimation results have a smaller error with the actual value compared with the traditional UKF through experimental analysis, the estimation accuracy is high, and the real value can be converged quickly when the initial value is inaccurate, and the average absolute error is reduced by about 14.5% compared with the traditional UKF, which has good accuracy and robustness.
Copyright (c) 2025 Changchang Li (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Models and Mechanisms of Effective Rural Operation for Promoting Common Prosperity: A Longitudinal Case Study of the "Guzhu Model" from a Symbiotic Perspective
Achieving common prosperity for all people is the essential requirement of Chinese-style modernization, and the weakest key link at present is the common prosperity of farmers and rural areas. Taking Guzhu Village in Changxing County as a typical case, this paper adopts the longitudinal single case study method to explore the process, operation mode and mechanism of the village's road to common prosperity from the perspective of symbiosis theory. The results show that: (1) Guzhu Village has experienced different stages of development in the process of common prosperity, and each stage has produced different symbiotic effects. Individual villagers have given birth to the bud of rural development, but their lack of knowledge, cognition and management ability can't achieve high-quality rural development. The gradual participation of the government, associations and operating companies has injected new energy into promoting rural areas towards common prosperity. (2) The village focuses on multiple symbiotic subjects and operates collaboratively with the help of symbiotic environment. Effective collaboration between symbiotic units has become the key to rural common prosperity. The symbiotic model respects the core position of villagers, effectively promotes the participation and recognition of all villagers, turns the ecological advantages and resource advantages in the village into economic advantages and development advantages, and realizes the villagers' material wealth, spiritual and cultural wealth and ecological harmony in the village. Research suggestions: In the process of rural development, we can inject new energy into the village by maintaining the dominant position of villagers, introducing new units such as operating companies, making full use of resource endowments to broaden the path of increasing income and getting rich, giving full play to the synergy among symbiotic units, and jointly strengthening the rural collective economy.
Copyright (c) 2025 Zou Yanfen, Cai Bifan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Context-Aware Multimodal Feedback System for Enhancing Outcomes-Based Education in Mechanical Engineering
We propose a context-aware multimodal feedback system designed to enhance Outcomes-Based Education (OBE) in mechanical engineering by dynamically adapting feedback modalities to individual learning contexts and performance. The system integrates cognitive diagnosis models to assess student proficiency and an environment-aware modality selector to determine the optimal feedback form, such as visual annotations, haptic cues, or interactive 3D simulations, depending on whether the learning occurs in physical laboratories or digital platforms. A Transformer-based architecture synthesizes personalized feedback by combining diagnostic outputs with contextual data, enabling precision-tailored support for complex engineering concepts. The proposed method replaces conventional static assessment reports with adaptive, multimodal feedback, thereby addressing the limitations of one-size-fits-all approaches in OBE. Furthermore, the system leverages state-of-the-art technologies, including probabilistic programming for scalable cognitive diagnosis and physics-accurate simulations for immersive learning experiences. Experimental validation demonstrates its effectiveness in improving student engagement and mastery of mechanical engineering principles. This work contributes a unified framework that bridges cognitive assessment, environmental context, and multimodal feedback, offering a scalable solution for personalized engineering education. The results highlight the potential of adaptive feedback systems to transform traditional OBE practices by aligning instructional support with individual learning trajectories and real-world engineering scenarios.
context-aware multimodal feedback system
Copyright (c) 2025 CUI Fangyuan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Mathematical Modeling of Fine Superstring Structure of Hydrogen Atoms
To address the phenomenon of electron clouds in hydrogen atoms and other extra-nuclear electron clouds, a high-dimensional confinement and asymptotic freedom theory of electron pairs is proposed. Furthermore, to resolve the non-contradictory interaction between electrons and protons, a string reaction theory is introduced. The model presented explains not only why electrons do not combine with protons to lose their electron cloud motion properties but also why multiple extra-nuclear electrons do not undergo classical collisions. Additionally, it provides an explanation for the string reaction nature of the photoelectric effect. The model presented herein is supported by previous laboratory results. The paper presents a model of string reaction between electrons and protons, which explains the trajectory of electrons in hydrogen atoms and why electrons can continuously orbit around protons. This innovative model describes that, under certain constraints, electrons can traverse through protons. After traversal, the electrons retain their original physical properties but undergo slight changes in velocity, while the physical properties of the protons remain unchanged. This model explains using string theory, transforming the purely mathematical nature of string theory into an interpretation of the physical phenomena. This demonstrates that string theory is a practical tool that can be applied to physics.
Copyright (c) 2025 Yishi Huang (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0